According to a United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) study titled ‘The State of World Population Report, 2023,’ India has surpassed China in population and is now the world’s most populated country.
According to the report, India’s population is 1.4286 billion, while China’s is 1.4257 billion, a 2.9 million difference. It is the first time since the UN began collecting population figures in 1950 that India’s population has surpassed China’s.
Experts feel that India’s demographic advantage, its youthful population, will be a crucial element in driving the country’s development and will provide immense potential for the country’s economic growth in a consumer-driven economy. According to Andrea Wojner, UNFPA’s India representative, the country’s youthful working-age generation would not only provide an adequate supply of labour, but expanding domestic consumption would also help the country weather any external shocks.
With 30 million people living in and around the NCR, New Delhi is India’s most populous metropolis. If Delhi had been a country, it would have been the 50th most populous in the world. Mumbai (20 million), Kolkata (15 million), and Bengaluru (12 million) are the next largest after Delhi.
As per the report, India’s demographic diversity among states offers unique potential to reap demographic rewards. The various states are in varying phases of demographic transition, and an ageing population in southern India may satisfy its labour demands with a larger proportion of the young population in the northern and eastern regions of the nation thanks to favourable inter-state migration regulations.
According to Huang Wenzheng, a Chinese demography expert, India’s demographic strength is far greater than China’s. Despite the fact that India’s population growth rate has been dropping since 1980, the country has twice as many new infants as China and a total fertility rate twice as high. This factor implies that India’s population will be substantially larger than China’s in the long run.
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