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China Launches Surveillance System Amid Rise in Respiratory Illnesses; WHO Observes Increase Since October

A recent rise in respiratory illnesses in China has garnered widespread attention, driven in part by comparisons to the Covid-19 pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) noted an uptick in cases since October, prompting China’s National Disease Control and Prevention Administration (NCDPA) to launch a pilot surveillance system for tracking pneumonia of unknown origin. This initiative aims to enhance monitoring and response during the winter surge.

Strengthened Monitoring Efforts

The NCDPA reported a significant rise in respiratory infections between December 16–22 and introduced protocols requiring laboratories to report cases while disease control agencies manage them. Officials anticipate further increases this winter but project lower case numbers compared to 2024.

High-Risk Groups

Children and the elderly remain most vulnerable, with young children susceptible due to developing immune systems and older adults at risk of complications from underlying conditions like COPD. Symptoms of respiratory viruses such as human metapneumovirus (HMPV) include fever, cough, and wheezing, with severe cases potentially leading to pneumonia or bronchitis.

About HMPV

Human metapneumovirus is a seasonal respiratory virus that spreads via respiratory droplets and contact with infected surfaces. Though most cases are mild and manageable with rest, severe infections in vulnerable groups may require hospitalisation. With no vaccine or antiviral treatments available, prevention through good hygiene and minimising exposure is critical.

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